# US Data Center Directory, release 2026-09-14

Frozen copy of the Malachi.Energy data center dataset as published at
https://malachi.energy/data-centers. These files will not change. The moving URLs on
the site always serve the newest version; cite this directory when the numbers
need to stay put.

- Dataset version: 2026-09-14 (last data change)
- Snapshot taken: 2026-09-15
- Methodology version: 2
- First published: 2026-03-09
- Release page: https://malachi.energy/data-centers/releases/2026-09-14
- Latest release (moves): https://malachi.energy/data-centers/releases/latest/
- Maintainer: Malachi Rein, LEED AP BD+C, https://malachi.energy/about

## What is in this release

| Count | Value |
|---|---:|
| Tracked mega projects | 54 |
| Planned capacity, MW | 109,198 |
| Announced investment, USD billions (all bases) | 1,206.2 |
| OSM-verified facilities | 1,771 |
| Jurisdictions covered | 48 |
| Estimated US facilities (Baxtel national count) | 5,207 |

## Files

| File | Rows | License | Description |
|---|---:|---|---|
| mega-projects.csv | 54 | Mega project tally and state estimates, free for personal, educational, and editorial use with attribution to Malachi.Energy | Tracked US data center mega projects with the basis and confidence of every figure. One row per project, sorted by planned capacity. |
| mega-projects.json |  | Mega project tally and state estimates, free for personal, educational, and editorial use with attribution to Malachi.Energy | The same projects as mega-projects.csv in camelCase, with the project description, the source as an object, national totals split by basis, and the basis dictionary inline. |
| states.csv | 48 | Mega project tally and state estimates, free for personal, educational, and editorial use with attribution to Malachi.Energy | Verified and estimated facility counts plus mega project totals for every covered jurisdiction, sorted by verified count. |
| facilities.csv | 1,771 | OSM-verified facility layer, ODbL 1.0 | Every OSM-verified facility in the directory, all jurisdictions in one file. The live site serves this layer per state at /data-centers/<state>/facilities.csv. |
| manifest.json | | | Machine-readable version of this README: counts, files, SHA-256 hashes, changelog. |
| checksums.sha256 | | | SHA-256 of every other file. Verify with `sha256sum -c checksums.sha256`. |
| CITATION.bib | | | BibTeX entry for this release. |
| LICENSE.txt | | | Which license covers which file. |

## Data dictionary

### mega-projects.csv

| Column | Meaning |
|---|---|
| id | Stable slug; also the last segment of the project page URL. |
| name | Campus or project name as the developer uses it. |
| developer | Company building or operating the campus. |
| location | City or county and state, as reported. |
| state | Two-letter USPS abbreviation. |
| capacity_mw | Planned power capacity in megawatts. Planned, not delivered. |
| capacity_basis | What the capacity figure rests on. One of: disclosed, filing, reported, estimated. |
| investment_usd_billions | Announced investment in USD billions. |
| investment_basis | What the investment figure measures. One of: campus-capex, first-phase-capex, bond-authorization, power-plant-capex, program-commitment, press-reported, analyst-estimate. |
| is_estimate | true when capacity is a Malachi.Energy estimate or investment is a third-party analyst estimate. |
| confidence | high when both figures come from the developer or a filing and the site has physical progress or firm contracts; medium when one figure is reported, estimated, or scoped differently than the campus; low when proposed without permits or capacity is an estimate. |
| included_in_aggregate | Whether the row counts toward the headline totals. Currently true for every project. |
| comparable_campus_investment | true when the investment basis is developer-stated campus or first-phase cost, the only bases that measure the same thing. |
| status | operational (first phase serves load), under-construction, announced, or proposed. |
| target_year | Developer-stated year for first or full operation. Empty when none is public. |
| lat | Latitude, WGS84. Precision varies by source; one-decimal values locate a county, not a site. |
| lon | Longitude, WGS84. |
| source_label | Publisher of the primary public source for the two figures. |
| source_url | URL of that source. |
| source_date | Evidence date of the source, ISO, month precision allowed. |
| last_verified_at | Dataset version date. Every project is re-checked against its source at each refresh. |
| url | Project page on malachi.energy. |

### mega-projects.json

The same projects as mega-projects.csv in camelCase, with the project description, the source as an object, national totals split by basis, and the basis dictionary inline.

### states.csv

| Column | Meaning |
|---|---|
| state | Jurisdiction name. |
| abbr | Two-letter USPS abbreviation. |
| osm_verified | Facilities tagged as data centers in OpenStreetMap with a mapped location in this jurisdiction. |
| estimated_total | Estimated facility count: Baxtel state count where Baxtel publishes one, otherwise osm_verified scaled so all jurisdictions sum to the Baxtel national total. |
| mega_project_count | Tracked mega projects in the jurisdiction. |
| mega_capacity_mw | Sum of planned capacity across those projects, megawatts. |
| mega_investment_usd_billions | Sum of announced investment across those projects, all bases mixed. |
| top_operator | Operator with the most OSM-verified facilities in the jurisdiction. |
| top_hub | City with the most OSM-verified facilities in the jurisdiction. |
| url | State page on malachi.energy. |

### facilities.csv

| Column | Meaning |
|---|---|
| name | Facility name from OpenStreetMap, empty when untagged. |
| operator | Operator from OpenStreetMap, empty when untagged. |
| city | City from the OSM address tags or reverse geocode. |
| state | Two-letter USPS abbreviation, assigned by point-in-polygon against Census boundaries. |
| address | Street address when tagged. |
| postcode | Postal code when tagged. |
| lat | Latitude, WGS84. Centroid for building outlines. |
| lon | Longitude, WGS84. |
| website | Website when tagged. |
| osm_type | node, way, or relation. |
| osm_id | OpenStreetMap element id. |
| osm_url | Link to the element on openstreetmap.org. |

## Method (version 2)

State estimates reconcile to the Baxtel national count exactly: Baxtel state counts where published, the remainder allocated in proportion to OSM-verified count with a derived multiplier (largest-remainder rounding). Every mega project carries a capacity basis, an investment basis, a confidence rating, and a dated public source.

Full method, reconciliation table, and investment split: https://malachi.energy/data-centers#methodology

## Changes in this version

Full OSM facility refresh, every mega project re-researched against a dated public source, per-figure basis and confidence columns, and state estimates reconciled to the national count.

- Refreshed the OpenStreetMap facility layer through the Overpass API and reassigned every facility to a jurisdiction by point-in-polygon against Census boundaries.
- Re-researched all tracked mega projects. Each now carries a public capacity figure, a public investment figure, a source (label, URL, date), a capacity basis, an investment basis, and a confidence rating. Projects with no public figure for either were retired rather than estimated.
- Added the columns capacity_basis, investment_basis, is_estimate, confidence, included_in_aggregate, comparable_campus_investment, source_label, source_url, source_date, last_verified_at, and url to the mega project exports.
- State estimates now reconcile to the Baxtel national count exactly (methodology version 2). This derivation landed on 2026-09-15, after the data refresh date, so estimated_total values in this release differ from the site as served on 2026-09-14 while osm_verified values do not.
- Coverage is 46 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.
- First frozen release. Earlier versions were served only at the moving URLs and cannot be reproduced byte for byte.

## Cite

Rein, Malachi (2026). US Data Center Directory, dataset version 2026-09-14. Malachi.Energy. https://malachi.energy/data-centers/releases/2026-09-14

```bibtex
@misc{malachienergy_data_centers_2026_09_14,
  author = {Rein, Malachi},
  title = {US Data Center Directory},
  howpublished = {Malachi.Energy},
  year = {2026},
  version = {2026-09-14},
  note = {Dataset version 2026-09-14. Facility layer ODbL 1.0 (OpenStreetMap contributors); compilation free with attribution.},
  url = {https://malachi.energy/data-centers/releases/2026-09-14}
}
```

## Licenses

See LICENSE.txt. Facility layer: Open Database License (ODbL) 1.0. Compilation: Mega project tally and state estimates, free for personal, educational, and editorial use with attribution to Malachi.Energy.